Often,
Photoshop tutorials regarding "metal" only deal with how to make metal objects using layer styles or a specific set of actions (
First, use the Elliptical Marquee Tool to select the shape of the metal ball...). In this tutorial, we'll take a fresh look at metal stuff in
Photoshop -- taking the objects into 3-dimensional perspective.
First, we'll need to sketch out the volume of the metal solid. You can do it with pencil on paper and scan it into Photoshop, or you can draw directly on digital canvas with your mouse or tablet; it doesn't matter because we'll be using this volume sketch as a guideline.
Create a layer underneath your volume sketch and name it "fill". Then, set the blending mode of the sketch layer to Multiply and switch back to your fill layer. Use the Pen Tool to trace the silhouette of your object so that you get a shape with crisp edges, and fill it with a neutral grey shade.
Now, turn the opacity of the sketch layer down to about 20% and switch to the fill layer. Use the Burn Tool and lightly brush in the edges on the fill. This will be useful in determining how the light and shadows fall on the object later on, when we render it. When you're done, hide the sketch layer completely and make sure the burned edges on your fill layer match the sketch roughly.
Using the Burn Tool with a very small diameter, burn in rough areas of shadows in your object. In my image, I'm assuming a light source from the above, so shadows form around the edges because my surfaces are slightly concave inwards and are tilted slightly downwards. At this point, I don't worry about the "roughness" of my strokes because we're looking at establishing a light direction; we'll worry about cleaning it up later.
Next, do the same using the Dodge Tool to accentuate the areas where light will most likely fall on. You'll need to control the amount of "white areas" because totally white areas suggest specular highlights -- the white "glare" that you often see on very reflective chromes.
Now, we'll need to use the Dodge Tool and Burn Tool to accentuate the edges of the solid. Use the Dodge Tool repeatedly on sharp corners to create specular highlights and use the Burn Tool underneath sharp edges facing downwards to create a stark contrast between the highlights and shadows.
Keep repeating the dodge/burn procedure until your object has a nice amount of contrast to it and use the Burn Tool with a big diameter to slightly burn the whole object. You will notice that "noise" starts to appear at a certain point -- that's what I use to get a grainy look on my metal surfaces.
From this point, it's just a matter of reiterating the procedures above until you get an image you're satisfied with.
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